Colorectal Cancer Screening: What You Need to Know and Why It Matters

Summary Paragraph

Colorectal cancer often develops without symptoms, but screening can detect it early or prevent it altogether. The American Cancer Society recommends beginning colorectal cancer screening at age 45 for those at average risk, with several testing options available.

Key Takeaways

• Start screening at age 45: The American Cancer Society now recommends beginning colorectal cancer screening earlier due to rising cases in younger adults.
• Colonoscopy prevents cancer: This procedure can find and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancer.
• Multiple screening options exist: Stool tests, virtual colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy may be appropriate for some patients, but follow-up may be needed.
• Early action saves lives: Talk to your provider about your risk and choose a screening plan that fits your needs — the most important step is getting screened.

Why Colorectal Cancer Screening Matters

Colorectal cancer is one of the most preventable cancers, yet it remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent national data show colorectal cancer is now the leading cause of cancer death in adults under age 50.

Colorectal cancer often develops without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, which makes screening so important. Screening tests can:

• Detect cancer early, when it is most treatable.
• Prevent cancer by identifying and removing precancerous polyps.

Simply put, screening doesn’t just find cancer — it can stop it before it starts.

When Should Screening Begin?

The American Cancer Society now recommends that people at average risk begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. This change reflects an increase in colorectal cancer in younger adults.

If you have a higher risk, you may need to start earlier. Risk factors include:

• A personal or family history of colorectal cancer or polyps.
  • If you have a first-degree relative with colorectal cancer, screening is typically recommended starting at age 40, or 10 years before the age at which your relative was diagnosed, whichever comes first.
• Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis.
• Certain inherited conditions, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).

To better understand your screening options, complete the screening questionnaire and receive a free resource to help you prepare for a conversation with your provider.

What is a Colonoscopy?

A colonoscopy is one of the most effective screening tools available. During this procedure, a doctor uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the inside of your colon and rectum.

If polyps are found, they can often be removed during the same procedure, lowering the risk that they could develop into cancer.

Most patients receive sedation, so they stay comfortable and relaxed throughout.

How Often Do You Need One?

For individuals at average risk, a colonoscopy is typically recommended every 10 years if no abnormalities are found. However, your doctor may recommend a different schedule based on your health history or findings from previous screenings.

Are There Other Screening Options?

Yes. The American Cancer Society emphasizes that the best test is the one you are willing to complete. In addition to colonoscopy, other screening options include:

• Stool-based tests, such as Cologuard®, FIT or stool DNA tests, done at home.
• Virtual colonoscopy (CT colonography).
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy.

Some of these tests need to be done more frequently and may require a follow-up colonoscopy if results are abnormal. Our colorectal cancer screening decision-making tool can help you compare screening methods and prepare questions for your provider.

What About Symptoms?

Even if you’re not yet due for screening, don’t ignore warning signs. Contact your provider if you experience:

• Changes in bowel habits.
• Blood in your stool.
• Unexplained weight loss.
• Persistent abdominal discomfort.

While these symptoms don’t always mean cancer, they should never be ignored.

What to Expect

Many people feel nervous about a colonoscopy, but understanding the process can help ease concerns.

Preparation involves cleaning out your colon the day before so your doctor can get a clear view. On the day of the procedure, you’ll receive sedation and will need someone to drive you home afterward.

Most people return to normal activities the next day.

A Healthier Future Starts with Screening

Colorectal cancer is highly preventable when caught early, and today’s screening guidelines are designed to help more people benefit from earlier detection. Acting now can make a life-changing difference for you and your family.

At St. Elizabeth Healthcare, our team is here to guide you every step of the way, from choosing the right screening option to providing compassionate, expert care.

If you’re 45 or older or have risk factors, talk to your provider about colorectal cancer screening today. Don’t wait for symptoms. Early detection saves lives.

When to Seek Care

If you or a loved one have been diagnosed with cancer or are exploring treatment options, the St. Elizabeth Cancer Care team is here to guide you. Call (859) 301-4000 to schedule an appointment or complete our online appointment request form.

Medically Reviewed by Brent Xia, MD, on 6/18/26.